Saturday 19 April 1969
The War Games
Boys’ Own Cliffhangers
The Colour of Monsters,
Episode 1
Sunday 23 November 2025
This week, 500 Year Diary begins its six-week hagiography of Doctor Who writer, script editor and raconteur Terrance Dicks, with a discussion of his first on-screen script credit The War Games. Ten monster-free episodes culminating in a series-ruining revelation about the Doctor’s backstory — can Terrance make it work?
Notes and links
Nathan was born in Sydney on Sunday 27 April 1969. According to the invaluable BroaDWCast, that was the day of the first screening of The Wheel in Space Part 3 in Australia. (In Sydney, in fact. It was screened later in less important Australian cities.)
Peter and Todd are both right about the World War I location, which was a rubbish dump in Brighton that had previously been used in Richard Attenborough’s 1969 film Oh! What a Lovely War.
The Mighty 200 was a fan poll of the first 200 Doctor Who stories published in Doctor Who Magazine Issue 413 in October 2009. The results of the Doctor Who Magazine 60th anniversary poll, which included the Capaldi and Whittaker eras for the first time, were published in 2023 across Issues 589 to 594.
Vernon Dobtcheff plays the Scientist here, but he also plays the Terra Nostra Chairman in the Blake’s 7 episode Shadow (1979); on film, he was murdered by Jaws in The Spy Who Loved Me (1977). He has had a prolific career: his most recent IMDb credit is from 2023, when he was 89 years old.
Inevitably, here’s El Sandifer’s TARDIS Eruditorum essay on The War Games.
Peter Bryant and Derrick Sherwin left Doctor Who to work on Paul Temple (1969–1971), a series about a crime-solving detective fiction writer and his wife, based on popular radio plays from the 1940s. It was a co-production between the BBC and ZDF in Germany, and it featured many many actors and crew members that would be familiar to fans of classic Doctor Who.
Nathan had been thinking about The Power of Kroll recently because he appeared on the Season 16 episode of Strictly Come Hamster alongside its host Joe Ford, as well as Toby Hadoke and Ioan Morris.
Flight Through Entirety discussed The War Games in Episode 19: Hipster Klingon, released on Sunday 28 December 2014.
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Nathan is on Bluesky at @nathanbottomley.com, James is @ohjamessellwood.bsky.social, and Todd is @toddbeilby.bsky.social. The 500 Year Diary theme was composed by Cameron Lam.
500 Year Diary shares a social media presence with Flight Through Entirety, which means you can follow us on Bluesky and Mastodon, as well as on X and Facebook. Our website is at 500yeardiary.com. Please consider rating or reviewing us on Apple Podcasts, or we’ll sneak into the judges’ robing room at your trial and tell them you’ve chosen the one who’s too thin.
And more
You can find links to all of the podcasts we’re involved in on our podcasts page. But here’s where we’re up to right now.
Last week, we released another episode of our Space: 1999 commentary podcast Startling Barbara Bain, in which some mysterious immortal beings troll the crew of Moonbase Alpha by giving them everything they ever wanted.
A couple of days ago, we also released another episode of our Star Trek commentary podcast, Untitled Star Trek Project, featuring Nathan and friend-of-the-podcast Joe Ford, who watched an episode of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine called Waltz, in which Gul Dukat finally becomes the crazed space opera villain his mother always hoped he would be.
And just today, Brendan, Steven and Richard release the latest episode of their Avengers commentary podcast The Three-Handed Game. In The End of Empire #3, they watch and discuss Love All (1969), in which a hefty cleaning lady tricks some misogynist civil servants into falling in love with her and revealing all their most important secrets.
The Colour of Monsters, Episode 1: Boys’ Own Cliffhangers ·
Recorded on Sunday 2 November 2025 ·
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Transcript
Hello, dear listener, and welcome back to 500 Year Diary, the only Doctor Who podcast that stole a portable recorder and a bunch of microphones, and went off to criticise the universe. The universe is so tiresome. I'm Nathan. I'm James. I'm Todd. What is your name? My name is Peter. My name is Peter. Well, it's the 19th of April, 1969. Tonight sees the broadcast of the 1st episode of a story that will change or challenge or cancel the show that we've come to love over the past 5.5 years. A couple of scripts have fallen through. Pat, Wendy, and Fraser are all leaving, and the show is going off in a new direction. And so Doctor Who script editor, Terence Dix, has come up with a solution. Collaborating with his mentor, Malcolm Hulk, to write a 10 part epic culminating in the introduction of the doctor's people and his exile to the planet Earth. So what does Terence Dix bring to the program? As writer, script editor, novelist, and crazy uncle Terence, and what is his legacy? Let's start looking for an answer to these questions as we discuss the war games. Just to get this out of the way, I was born a very, very few hours away from the 1st airing of episode 2 of the War Games, so I'm the only Trout and Baby here, and it came as a very pleasant surprise to me watching it this time round that it's actually pretty great. That means in Australia, you were probably born around about a repeat of the ice warriors. Probably, probably. I haven't checked actually. Let's just start by talking about the production generally before we move on to talking about the script and Terence's contribution. I'll just say that I am mostly in Doctor Who for the monsters. And so I have always felt that this was overlong and a bit dull. But this time, I just thought it was magnificent. Yes, it's magnificent. I've always liked this story. There are no monsters. Like, where's the slither? Bring back ter Nation, I say. But the whole production, like the World War I setting and the use of, didn't they use the sets of another production that? I think they did, yeah. It just occurred. I thought they just taken the rubbish to Brighton and decided to film that. No, this was a location. previous thing. Yes, that's it. But the fact that it keeps up the pace all the way through, and you're getting new information every few episodes really helps. I think I think maybe it kind of sags a little bit around about episode five. where we get sort of David Trown and stuff, but otherwise I think, yes, it's absolutely amazing. And I was careful to watch it an episode at a time. And so to have it be this thing that Doctor Who does for 2.5 months is actually really what's happening and that's kind of great. I watched it in 25 episode blocks and it was equally good. I think there is an all-time best 8 parter in this story. And as it is, it's pretty great, but you could probably stand to lose, I would say, most of the Civil War segments and maybe Archuro Villa, and then it would be absolutely stonkingly good, but as it is, it's amazing. And I think Doctor Who does Epic so few times in its history, in the original series, I think you'd probably count the Daleks master plan, for obvious reasons, Legopolis, for the stakes, and maybe Genesis of the Daleks, because of what that does as well. But this is one of them. Not only do you have series changing developments, but its length and the scope of the villainy just make it something really special. And I think that means that its reputation in recent years has skyrocketed. So if you look at the 3 Doctor Who magazine polls, which have looked at every story and ranks them in order. It sort of came in in like the 20s in the mighty 200 and 2009. But as new fans came aboard and started to watch it, and it presses all those buttons with the end of season extravaganza, and you know, the epic finale, all that kind of thing, it's risen and risen. So last time in 2023, even though they didn't print the entire rankings, we know what they are, it cracked the top 10 and was by far the most popular charting story. Wow. What did you think, James? I loved it. I think I loved it as a child. But then in the intervening time, fan wisdom kind of intervened and I never really went back to it. But watching it, watching it now, I was hooked. I actually had to eke it out. I watched a couple of episodes a day for about for about a week. Um, and yeah, it's just, I don't see, I don't see where this is boring and over long and a bit tedious came from. Yeah, I think maybe I identify different bits. Like, I think once Arturo Villa comes along that lifts it a bit because now we have an actual purpose. Like the resistance is now trying to break into the base. And you're also back in the one really good war. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, there's that too. Gosh, that's set. That whole thing, the 1st World War thing. I mean, it's obviously, you know, black out of the fall. In lots of ways, you know, there's a chateau and all of that. But this is the 1st time Doctor Who's done. Recent history, that people living would be watching this and identifying with it. Every other historical up to this point is further back than that. Yes. Well, there was plenty of people who'd been to Tibet in 1935. Don't forget that. I mean, I think like, I'm probably jumping ahead a bit, but I think that episode one is possibly the best episode, and I think that the reason that it's so good is precisely what you identify. This is real history and it's real history that's important to the viewers. And because at this point, Doctor Who can't do the Second World War. It's too recent and too raw. thought about doing it and then had jettisoned the idea. Yeah, okay. Yeah. No, I'm not surprised. And so that sort of stands as a proxy. I think for the 2nd World War because it's a war in Europe against the Germans. And suddenly the doctor's shtick doesn't work in this environment. Like nothing that the doctor does. You know, there's the moment where Zoe tries to break him out of the prison in episode one and he just ends up immediately facing the guy and being. Oh, what a good and clever girl. Yes. Yeah, yeah. All of that stuff, you know, none of his talk works, nothing works. It's it's like Caves of Andrazani. It is like a regeneration story. None of the doctor's Doctor Who stuff works at all and it culminates with him facing a firing squad. What I also love about it is we find out as the audience really quite early on, there's something else going on. I don't think Zoe. And then the doctor find out until midway towards the end of episode 2 that this isn't just them stuck in the 1st World War. But we find out as an audience when Smythe goes into his office somewhere in episode one. Yeah. So we are we are in the know when the main characters are not. And that really sort of wrongfoots them for quite a long time until she discovers the screen in the office. Yeah, yeah. Yeah. I want to go back to what you were saying there, Nathan. There's a feeling of desperation throughout Doctor Who Epics, and this is one of them, where things go wrong from the off. Now, even though this is 10 episodes, episode one is a belter of an episode, we're 3 minutes in. They've already met Lieutenant Carstairs, Lady Jennifer, and been waylaid by the Germans. That's 3 minutes into the 1st episode of a 10 episode story. But this doctor is used to fighting lumbering monsters. When you take those out, his shtick doesn't work. Because against the banality of evil that we have in this story against human atrocity and, you know, the situation he's in, but also the plan of the warlord people, that's something that he isn't equipped to fight. And so, you know, he has to look for help. But yeah, there's a real feeling of desperation and of growing panic in Troughton's performance. And I think in episode one where it is mostly just the 1st World War. And even the thing that we see that James mentioned, where Smythe kind of hypnotises the guy. He's just doing it with eyeglasses and as he's the way you do it. That's it. But he's not doing it with a space ray or anything like that, you know, it's still kind of period appropriate. And of course, that was the kind of power that senior officers have that the chain of command has. They just tell you what to believe and you have to believe it. They tell you what to do and you have to do it. especially in World War I, where you still had aristocrats as the officers sending basically the working classes cannon fodder. That's right. That's right. And one thing that we will get to is I think that this story is surprisingly political, given sort of Terence's kind of stated political opinions, in the future, I think that it is very strongly anti-war and very interesting when it comes to talking about class. But you know, I think Terence is surprisingly political. Because, you know, even though he had a healthy sense of humour about things. He once described the Nazis to me as watching incredible gang of cooks, which, you know, is fair understatements of what the Nazis were. I think he actually had a very strongly defined moral centre, and one of the hallmarks of his writing, which we will return to, is that the doctor has a very strong moral centre. So throughout this story, Troughton, who is not, his doctor is not given to overstatement, uses words like disgusting, disgraceful to talk about the warlord's plans. He's really animated about it. It's really quite striking. And I do think that that 1st World War set and all of that is better, you know, that sort of tedious Civil War barn or whatever. No, no, it sets it up really well, like it's so strong at the beginning and that just permeates through those 1st 8 episodes. Yeah. The other thing too is I was kind of surprised by how quickly we were in the base and the base... Yeah, the bass is amazingly great. Holy crap, it's well designed. And you can see why they wanted to do a colorised version because it is so kind of pop art and stuff. But for me, it's just the perfect black and white television set where it has matte surfaces and reflective surfaces that has things that are see-through and things that are patterned, things that are unbelievably 60s. You know, you're kind of getting... It's a final flapping around. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Those funny corridors that they go through that aren't really corridors. They just set up, you know? Yeah, all the negative space. Just negative space. Yeah, yeah, yeah. All the Warhol style kind of... In space again until full circle. And then you get to California and it's quite boring. But then you have that weird... No, no, no, but by comparison, visually. But then you get that wonderful running through the cement walkways in the middle of the dry ice with the flapping pieces of PVC. Yeah, yeah. It's like the garden that was out the back of the Draconian place in frontier in space. I mean, I just think that looks unbelievably great. And the glasses are of a piece with that. Like the whole thing is so pop art and so fantastic. Just unbelievable. I think, in fact, like, I actually think that this is the best version of Gamma fray that we ever get at the end of it. I think it looks really great. I would have loved to have seen. partial to the 3 doctors. Yeah, yeah, that is not that is an incredible game show set. ruling the universe from, isn't it? With cement, sort of slab walls with the little floaty squares on the top of little poles. Yes, yeah, yeah, yeah. Waving about. It's unbelievable See, the reason it's so good is the director. Dave Maloney has a vision for this story and you can see it throughout the 10 episodes. These epics only work when you get someone like David Maloney on this story or Dougie Canfield on the Daleks master plan who can see from the start to the end and create this entire sweep of a story. So the design ethos is incredibly strong. What else has he directed up to this point? The crotons? Well, there's a vision for that. And the mind dropber. Yeah, okay. Well, man, yeah, yeah. Isn't that funny? The 2 episodes that we watched here in Australia, the 2 trout and episodes that we actually got to see on TV at our age, the crotons in the mind, Robert. That's pretty incredible. I also think that the Time Lord Planet is good because it's only in that one episode. Yeah, yeah. Yeah, we're not overdoing it. But he gets all of those moments right as well. So that incredible scene in episode nine, and this is vastly aided by Philip Maddock, of course, where the doctor has made good his escape, and the warlord just catches himself, and that sound effect comes in of the wind, and he just says, they're coming. That's an incredible moment in the drama. And if that had been overplayed or shot differently. It wouldn't have had so much impact, but Maloney knows what he's doing. He's really good. I mean, he is really great. Who would have thought, by the way, that the one director would direct 2 stories that opened with the doctor and his companions coming out onto a planetary landscape and having to hide from an artillery attack? Ah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Same opening to 2 stories? Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Yeah, I mean, he goes on to be just incredibly reliable. I don't think we've talked about him enough on FTE. He's a great director. The other thing that I think is really striking is just how incredibly strong the cliffhangers are. The Cliffhanger to episode one, we've already talked about where the doctor gets shot, the Cliffhanger of episode 2, where we see the Romans suddenly. There's heaps of cliffhangers that involve a development in the plot rather than peril, like some new exciting thing happening, but the peril is also really excellent. And even when it is just peril, they're these wonderful boy zone cliffhangers, which you just see Terence chortling over like the walls of the walls kind of closing in on them. They've just taken that. Fantastic. It's really well done, isn't it? There is a fabulous one where someone's about to be shot and then someone walks in at the beginning of the next episode and puts a stop to it. Terrence was a great fan of Raymond Chandler and those kind of thrillers, and so he subscribed to that kind of ethos of if the action slows down, Have a man with a gun walk into the room. Speaking about the cliffhanger with the Sid rat crushing them. I love the denim of that, which is just so simple, and boy's own which is the doctor comes out with a smoke bomb in his hand, drops it, and then steals the controls and runs back in. I mean, there are plenty of instances in this story of them failing to get the thing they want running around a bit and then coming back to get the thing they want. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Which I'm on board for. That's great There is a little bit of that. There's the one where we sort of put Zoe into one of the transport machines and then the doctor goes, oh, no, I have to go back and get the processing thing and it just seems to be why we're doing this? And then they take it away and then the security chief comes and gets the processing. Lots of talking urgently in negative space. Yeah, exactly. I also think too that there is, and I blame Terrence for this, I think, because this is going to be a thing going forward. Terrence is obviously more interested in having women in the show than either Terry Nation or Bob Holmes, but he's not particularly interested in having women in the show. And I am absolutely, still terribly cross that Lady Jennifer only gets 5 episodes and then we, she just disappears to go off and look after some union soldiers or something at the end of episode five. It's a shame that there's no women in the warlord. Yeah, you know, that would have been good just to sort of have a balance, but it is one thing in there that you notice that it's only Zoe and Lady Jennifer. Yeah. But I also think, you know, Terrence is co-writing this with Malcolm, and I think sometimes that's a good thing to bounce off ideas and actually, you know, just it just helps hone what is going down, you know what I mean? We can't we can't underestimate his contribution to this. I mean, Terence told me that they had about 20 days to write the 10 episodes. And he'd met Mac Hulk because Terrence started in copywriting and one of his friends there got married and was moving out of his rooms in Hampstead and said to Terrence, do you want these rooms? Terence said, yes, went along, and Mac Hulk and his great aunt or something owned the house. So he got to meet. We got to meet this strange little balding man, as he described them, just round and about the place. They became friends. They were like Terence and Barry Lett in that their affinity was very close, but they focussed on different things and they had different politics. And so we asked Mac Holt to come on board and help him. And apparently what they did was they just spent 20 days living together would get together in the morning, hash some ideas out for whatever episode they were about to start. Mac would sit at the typewriter because he was a very fast touch typist and just commit everything they were talking about to paper while Terence kind of marched up and down, just chortling to himself and having these ideas. So that was basically the way that it worked. I think this is very strongly Terence. I think the morality aspect is what we'll come to expect from Mac Hulk during the Pertwi years, but all of this feels very Terrency to me. Because, I mean, it is that thing we identified before about officers and just normal enlisted man and the class thing and the way that that gets kind of turned into this thing where all of the wars in human history are being run by people who have their own evil agenda, who are tricking the people below them into fighting for patriotic reasons or other personal. reasons. Literally using them as pawns. Exactly. Yeah, yeah, yeah. And I think that's really, really striking and much, much more political than I would normally expect from Terrence. It does sound like a kind of Marxist reading of things, which it may actually be from Mac Hulk was, in fact, very, very left wing. I'm not sure if he was a Marxist or not. I suspected that he was, but they had some crossover in that in that Terence had a great aversion to tyranny, authoritarianism. And that shines through not only in his own writing, but in the per we era as well. Just the sheer kind of horror of that court martial in episode one where it's just clearly everyone's lying and nothing can be done. And like Zoe is kind of apoplectic, she can't believe that this is what's going on. I'm Zoe. Like, I'm there going, 0 my goodness. Like, I can't believe what's happening. And it's, as you said, like, there's just this impending sort of doom or dread, like, you know, the shtick isn't working. It's set up right there at the beginning and it just keeps on flowing. Episode two, which is probably the 1st episode broadcast into a world where I'm there. The shtick starts working again, and I am a little bit disappointed, but I'm glad that they did what they did in episode one. Clearly the doctor, you know, in episode 2 goes to the military prison and pretends to be some guy and all of his bluster and normal stuff is working once again. Until it doesn't, of course. Yeah, yeah, yeah. But you see again, building on top of the morality. I think that's very Terence flavoured. Terrence's conception of the doctor is someone who bamboozles their opponents. And so he gets that shtick like in episode 2 where he pretends to be the visiting dignitary to the prison. Also, all of the scenes with the chief scientist on the warlord planet, where he just every time he meets him, he's tricking him in some hilarious way. And so there's a lot of comedy in that. And you'll see it again and again in stories like Robot and states him to Kay and particularly the 5 doctors, where the doctor is hilarious. And I think that's one of the keys to Doctor Who, is that no matter what dire situation they're in, there's humour in there. And that chief scientist, I just laugh my head up every single time. Every single time, like they keep coming back to him and he's just getting tricked and then when he gets put in his machine. I'm just, leave him on simmer. That's so great But, you know, like if you had 4 episodes, you wouldn't have time to develop that character and just have that bit of comedy running through what is a very dire situation. And the 3rd tie that the doctor encounters him. He just comes into frame while the chief scientist sort of looks up at him slowly. That's amazing That's Vernon Dobchev, by the way. He's 91 and still with us. Oh, wonderful. And he just looks up at him as he walks in and it's like, hello. That is fabulous. He's amazing. He's also very good in the Blake 7 episode Shadow. Ah, of course. Yes. But this is a case of you're only as strong as your weakest link you know, and if you cast well. And the characters are written well, then you know, you're going to have a good production. Yeah, I mean, the characters are not very strongly drawn, are they? And there's Russell, I think, who ends up being a pretty important guy, and that's a great performance, and he is pretty good, but I couldn't tell you anything about him very much as a person. Love thy neighbour guy is really good. What's his name? Rudolph Walker. He's so hot too. What an attractive young man he was. But it goes back to what we're saying about Terence and Boyzone. He writes characters with broad strokes, but recognisable. And so anyone who'd read a boy's own manual would know Lieutenant Carstairs immediately. Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. But isn't that a bit like RTD? He does broad characters that are recognisable to current audiences and you get to know them very, very quickly. And I think in this, like, Terrence is the same thing. these characters suddenly through the performance and through the broad strokes suddenly come to life and you recognise them. Let's think about the guy who runs the military president in episode 2, who likes boring people about, or, you know, there's a there's something that happens in the chateau as well, where someone's talking about the arrival of supplies or something like that. Like someone's boring someone. Boring lady Jennifer. Please tell me more about the outposts. Tell me more about the 100 shovels. Yeah, yeah, exactly. Wonderful shovels, of course. Just absolute genius. So, so good. And of course, being Terrence, you have to get the moment where as he leaves. He says, not often people take an interest in this kind of thing. It's nice to meet someone who does. So good. Just so tremendous. Just terrific style. All of those walk on characters are amazing, including the one who keeps almost coming across them, blowing up the door to the safe and they can't get rid of. So you just get these walk-ons who are amazing. Also, the thing that makes this story fill its length is not that there's one brilliant villain, but 3 brilliant villains all bouncing off each other. There's endless scenes with just the villains and it's amazing. Yeah, I mean, I think the soldiers and things, because it goes on for a bunch of time, even the very small parts, they get a lot to do, because you've got 10 episodes or 9 episodes of those soldiers we do get to know them quite well. I do want to shout out to Harper because Harper's our 1st union soldier that we meet and he's black, which I think, you know that's not a given for Doctor Who in this period. And he's smart. He's the 1st person that we properly meet, isn't he that's part of the resistance. knows what's going on. And I think that that resistance thing. That element where people start to twig to what's really going on that these wars aren't the wars that they signed up for, that they're not fighting for what they thought they were fighting. Like again, I think that that's an incredibly strong idea. And the fact that their knowledge of this enables them to transcend the space restrictions between the various time zones. It might be the very 1st instance in Doctor of a perception filter. Yeah, yeah, yeah. I can't see the screen until I can see it until I focus on it. That's right. That's right. It's so good. And that setting as well. We've had nothing at all like that setting, particularly not in this era where we're in the base and rubber monsters are attacking us and that's basically the premise of a whole heap of the era. This is completely different from that. We've never had a planet or an environment as weird and artificial as this. You know, this is, you know, it's not Doctor Who, on the planet in space. Like there's a home planet. We don't know what it's called. There's this planet. We don't know what it's called. It's divided into these zones that are separated by some kind of time barrier, which seems like fog or whatever. It's an absolutely weird and fantastical environment of a kind that we haven't seen. And Terence actually returns to that idea with the death zone. Five doctors, the way that it's sort of segmented. What I find really odd, though, is why do we have the time concept in there? Sure, we've got time travel to get these various different groups of soldiers from Earth, but why is the planet divided into time zones? I don't think it is. I think they call them time barriers when they think that they're travelling in time, but what they are is just a perception barrier so that you can't get between the different segments. And I think we need to introduce the idea of time. We're going to talk a little bit about how, you know, the big reveal about who the doctor's people are, how that's handled, but it is seeded quite early, I think. Terence and Malcolm Hulk know where this story is going. What they're not doing really is making it up as they go along. They know the endpoint, I think. Oh, I think they got the entire story in mind. They just don't quite know how many episodes are going to go in between. That's right. That's right. Yeah. Yeah. But there's a very clear endpoint, and I do think that they do a setup that requires someone with time travel technology to be involved in running it so that... right. I mean, yes, you know, you can see why those plot reasons are there. I also think that the warlords are sort of set up as an antithesis at the time, like they're an elemental force almost in a way, and the time lords are definitely an elemental force in this story. They have so much control over time and the universe and everything. I mean, it's even in the name, the warlord. Yeah, yeah. You've got the time lords and the warlord. And Warlord is clever, isn't it? Because it's just a normal word. Like a warlord is a thing, but he's the warlord, 2 words, you know pronounce that way, and he does seem to be in opposition to the time lords. And obviously we never go back there because we never properly come back to this, except in the 5 doctors, as you said. I think it's very important to notice well that the War Games gets a lot right that the Trout and era as a whole gets wrong. Yeah, okay. So when we visited kind of a recognisable earth mostly during the trout and era, it's always been this kind of heightened reality. It's been Earth 5 minutes in the future. It's been enemy of the world with that strange geopolitical setup or it's been the invasion, which is recognisable, but has all of these kind of like developments which 1968 Britain didn't have. World War one, as you said before, was entirely recognisable to people through media. They've seen endless films and TV and documentaries on the subject and it was within living memory. So I think grounding the story initially in that is a new and different thing for the trout era. When it then pivots to being an alien world story. Think about the alien worlds that we've had in the trout era. They're pretty dull as a bunch. It's the dominators and the crotons. And, you know, dry space stations like the wheel in space. This is an effort to create an alien environment that is interesting and different and has a complete aesthetic to it. And so it's a story that sets out to do both of those things and gets them both right where the era sometimes hasn't. and has no monsters. There's no monsters. Like all of those other space things have monsters appearing or whatever here. It's built on the warlord people and their motivations and their leaders. Well, I mean, that's why I kind of love it because it is so different from the rest of the era. But also it takes people who look like us and makes the monsters. Well, they look like me. Might look like you. On a bad day. I mean, Sandra sort of says it's like a base under siege in reverse where we're trying to get into a base rather than inhabiting a base that other people are trying to get. The doctrine is companions to the monster. Yeah. Well, yeah, yeah, yeah, exactly. I think that you're right, that it does things that Doctor Who hasn't done for the last 3 years. And I think to that end, it is a little bit like the case of Andrazani, which does something the Doctor Who hasn't done for a few years, which is have a really excellent script. Nathan. I think that's overstating the case. It may be overstating the case. I do understand where you're coming from there. But it has a bleak script in a way that we haven't quite had before, and we've attempted to do this sort of thing in a shock and resurrection of the Daleks, but suddenly we do it really really well, and we dump the doctor in it, and he is his shtick doesn't work in that environment. And I think as well, people talk, obviously, about the invasion and the web of fear being templates for the Pertwi era, and they are. But in another way, those opening episodes of the war games, but that kind of gritty realism, you know, for Doctor Who. lets not overstate it, is a template for what they then attempt to do with the series. Terrence knows the endpoint that the doctor's going to be exiled to earth. And like he's been, what, assistant script editor throughout this season. And so he's looking back at what's gone before and all of the changes that are about to happen are within here. Like he's he's really writing it to say, well, we are going in a very different direction. Yeah, I think that's right. That level of realism. I got the impression that he actually, I mean, he never said this but reading between the lines. I got the impression he didn't actually think that much of Peter Bryan's and Derek Sherwin. He said it was very difficult to get decisions out of them. And so I think he knew he was taking over because they were both off to shoot Paul Temple all around Europe and he knew Barry was taking over and he was going to be the chief guy and I think he's setting up the series as he wants it. Right, okay. Okay. Is Barry on board? Is he around at that point Barry doesn't come aboard until the Silurians. Okay. So basically what you had was Peter Bryant is essentially producer up until the space pirates. Derek Sherwin takes over as producer for the War Games and spearhead from space and then Barry's on board. Yeah, okay. Isn't Derek Sherwin ill or something? Or why does he only do two? I thought it was because he was unwell. No, he wasn't unwell, but he was going to take over the series, but then he got the offer to join Peter Bryant on Paul Temple. And, you know, that was a colour action series on film. Obviously something different. And he wasn't. just completely embarrassed by his performance as parking gone. Are you talking about performances linked to the production? Of course, Lady Jennifer is played by Derek Sherwin's wife, and it continues the venerable tradition of having your spouse in the show because Kaftan in Tomb and the Sideman is played by Peter Bryant's wife. And then, of course, next year, we'll go on to have Petra played by the wife of the director. Absolutely. And let's not forget Gary Downey inside that track taker. No less. But back to what I was saying, like, he is seeing what's happening he knows where everything's going, and he's slowly changing, well not changing, refining the vision of the show to what we know it to be. It's already happened in the Trouton era at the end of Hartnell where it's become Doctor Who, and we've discussed that before. But now it's becoming more the show that the 4 of us in this room grew up with. Yeah, you know? I find it really interesting going back to watch this because my memory cheats, like, did I, did I read his novelisation first? And also, having seen the Purgeware era, like, you know, what the time loads are and all that sort of thing and the master, like, did that sort of colour my vision of when I came into this, you know, I can't put myself in that position of people watching it for the 1st time. And then suddenly, oh, the Sidrats sound like the TARDIS or this that must have blown kid's minds in 1968. Well, just think about that cliffhanger in the time meddler, one of the best cliffhangers in history where they look in and see, oh my god, there's another TARDS. It's amazing. Just incredible. And I do think that those capsules, which get called, the guy pronounces it side rats. And it only occurs once in dialogue, but let's call them Sidrants because that's what we've always called them ever since then. I think they're a genius idea and making them dimensionally transcendental and making them have the TARDIS materialisation noise. And when their doors open, it has that 60s time. Yeah, yeah, it's genius. And it does have atmosphere. It's not quite the TARDIS control room atmosphere, but there is like a sound associated with being inside. Then when you get back to the Time Lots home planet, they're there as well. the same machine. So it's very definitely poor copies of the original. Yeah, yeah, yeah. I mean, let's talk about how all of that stuff gets gradually ceded into the program. The one thing that I noticed this time is that both, I think definitely Zoe and maybe Jamie as well notice how capable the doctor is of operating the technology here, and that's quite early. And they note it, and the doctor won't confirm it. No, he is clearly aware. knows what the problem is. It's very show don't tell. Yeah, yeah. It's great. Like, it's, it's really well seated throughout the episode. In fact, you'll have things like the doctor mucking around with the control panel inside the, let's call it a side rat. I just love his fucking around with those magnets and... so great. And here, and here, and here. The cheap scientist says. But Jamie says to him, it's just like potatoes. And he doesn't respond. No, yeah, yeah, yeah. And then the other thing, which I think we did mention in our flight through Entirety episode, is that moment where the war chief recognises the doctor. And it plays into that desperation thing. We've never seen Troughton quite so panicked as when he screams at Zoe to run. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Like, that's incredible as well. That's a huge moment. And we forget that because, you know, he's running into Asmail or Christ knows who. you know, like every other. story. So that's astounding at the time, isn't it? And so it does become clear that something's going on. We get the time lords mentioned, are they mentioned in eight? No, before that, possibly. In fact, I think the chief scientist is the 1st person to mention them. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Yeah, I mean, that's quite incredible. And it does up the stakes to a point where, like, how do you feel about the Cliffhanger episode? I guess it's a cliffhanger episode eight, isn't it? Where the doctor betrays the resistance leaders to the war chief or the security chief. Well, see, you never quite believe that in Doc 2. When you get an epic like this, where things are going off the tracks and you're not quite sure where all this is going, who knows? Yeah, that's exactly right. I think that that's it. And I think also that even if we don't buy it, the doctor pretending to betray his friends is enough of a departure from his usual behaviour to be a shock. So even if you are aware that he's just playing for time, why is he doing this to them, it seems so unusual. So that's amazing. Like, I think that the time lords, like the scale of this threat is like, nothing that we've ever seen before. The shadow of the time rules. Yeah, is really there in those last episodes. Like you just feel it. And like, as you mentioned earlier, that whole the wind and and just them trying to get away and oh, even when he builds his little box thing to send that. There's something otherworldly about it. Yeah, it's just... They use force fields and they dematerialise people so that they've never existed. It's these weird ultra powerful things. like gods in Star Trek. Yeah, yeah. But you see, if they were truly gods in Star Trek, they would have got the doctor to snog, Rudolph Walker. They would not. I'd watch that The mounting panic. After Josh has put all of his experiences from the last 8 episodes into the box and he's about to send it and then the resistance fighters are having arguments with him and he's trying to get away and you're like, let him go. And then, and I'm, is it Russell, Russell holding back Arturo Villa, like so that they can get into the side rat and... And even then, Russell says, we've got to let him go, he's done too much. for us. Yeah, yeah. Because the doctor's not the only person who knows the time lords. Like the warlord knows of them. The war chief is obviously one of them. And so they're able there also to sell that sense of panic and stuff to make the time lords as big as they possibly can be. I have to say that because we've got the space for a whole episode at the end, to kind of deal with them, and because of how new and strange this is, how absolutely unprecedented it is in the show I'm nearly at the point where I want to make this my favourite regeneration story, just because I think that the show changes so radically and so strangely. I think there's a real loss to finding out where the doctor comes from. I think it's a real problem. And the decisions made here don't always lead the show into a particularly good place. But here, it's possible that we introduce the time lords and we don't wreck the show. We start to actually get a clearer idea of why the doctor is the hero, that he's become during the Trout era and during the late Hartnell era, it gives him something definite to react against that he's fun and that he cares, and he wants to do good. It is a peculiar reaction against that doctor. Yeah, yeah. If it had been versus the pertwee doctor or the heart nor doctor you wouldn't have felt the same because he's having his liberty taken away from him and liberty is everything to the 2nd doctor. Yeah, absolutely. Railing against sort of authoritarianism and against rules. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. They're a very good foil to the doctor and I think that dropping him on earth in practice doesn't wreck the show, that the Perto era isn't that vastly different from the eras on either side of it a little bit more earthbound, but it's still allowed to tell the same kinds of stories, I think. So it doesn't ruin the show and the show doesn't become the time lord show. Well, that's what I was going to say. Like, you mean, they're introduced, but they're only in the one episode. It's more their presence, right? And then here we are, boom, we're changing the show, but we're going to stay out of it. not in the next season. Like, they're not there at all. And it's only like a year later that suddenly, you know, you've got the master and then Joe knows about them and the doctor sent on missions to try and get him back into space. But even then, that doesn't last that long. It's only 15 stories before he gets his exile lifted. Yeah. And even then they're still very much in the background. Like, I'll say this, I think, you know, 80s timeline story is potentially ruin the show, but the way in which Terrence, a script editor uses them throughout the Pertwee era, is actually quite sparingly and for purpose. And it doesn't ruin the show. I would agree with that, but I would also say that as ever with these things. It's not the introduction of something. It's the way that it's then used going forward. So Davos is fantastic and amazing. The fact that they return to that well a number of times dilutes how potent and incredible it is. If the time lords had just been in the war games, we would think that they were amazing. It is the fact that they return to them piecemeal throughout the Pertwi era that I think dilutes a lot of their potency within the show. They are so awesome and so terrifying and they don't become that again. And when Holmes gets hold of them. Like, even at the beginning of Tariff, the autons, where you've got the Magrit painting guy, you know, in the bowler hat, being terribly camp and thinking of witty ways of dealing with things you know, like, that is not the time lords that we see. That's not Bernard Horsfall at the end of this story. When Mac Hulk gets hold of them again for the one and only time at the start of colony in space. It is those time points. Yeah, yeah. That is interesting. Because, I mean, you see them, obviously, in the 3 doctors and they're not all powerful. And it is different from this and they are never, besides that quite the same way again. It's the sort of change from Doctor Who, being a sort of whimsical fantasy series with nearly no premise to being kind of burdened with all of this law. And I think the show finds a way of coping with it. It's at its best when it uses that stuff sparingly. But again, it wouldn't be burdened with the law if it didn't keep returning to it. If this was just a plot function to explain where the doctor came from and exile him to earth and then we just go forward with the series, that would be fine. Yeah, I think there's an inexorable gravity, though, to introducing that as a premise that it was more or less inevitable that we would go back there. And certainly Terrence is introducing it, presumably with some nascent idea that he'll go back there. Well, it's interesting that you've got the war chief, who knows the doctor and they have a history. And then, you know, in a year's time, they're going to say, well let's return to that by introducing the master because it actually works so well here. I get very disappointed that he gets killed off because he is that good. And it's clearly the same conception of a character. Yeah. He interacts with the doctor, that kind of adversarial, but also kind of collegiate relationship. To the point where, you know, doesn't the doomsday weapon basically imply that he is the master? The novelisation of holy in space. Oh, actually makes the connection that the war chief is the master. And then obviously also the war games in colour makes that very clear that they've decided he is the master. too clear. I mean, I think there is sort of something to be said for that. It is a very similar character, but, you know, there can be more than 2 people on Gallifrey. It's the dry run. It's the dry run. I've looked at the security chief and realised what a great foil for the doctor that is. And when you get in a great actor like Edward Brayshaw, who is Australian, by the way. Oh, okay. and who was in the reign of terror. So just, you know, apropos of nothing. When you get in a great charismatic actor playing a strong foil for the doctor, that's a regular villain. That's something you can come back to time and again. Tell me you look at Peter Butterworth as the monk. He was brought back and he was a grateful for William Hart. It's a shame he never appeared again. Absolutely. Can we shout out to Philip Maddock, who was making his 2nd appearance in the season... After his award-winning performance... He is utterly unrecognisable and totally sensational and just the voice and the mannerisms in the performance. Quiet authority. I have recollections of when I 1st watched it, not realising it was actually him. Right. See, like, he's Solon, obviously, and I have recently been thinking about Power of Kroll because I sort of posted about that season. Always. I think his performance as Fena in Power of Kroll, and the warlord are not that far off. It's very sort of saturnine. Yeah, yeah. It's not the ranty soul on character. It is that much, much more a strained character. And there's something about, um, he's terrifying. He's frightening. He does that very quiet, very soft voice thing all the way through. But he's also amused by the doctor as well. And he can see through the doctor. There's one point in one of the late episodes where there's a scene where he's just smiling as the doctor lies to him because he doesn't care and he knows that it's false. You have a silver tongue, doctor. Yes. Like your friend, the war tune. That's it. You knew that they were that well acquainted. What a stupid fool you. I'm sure he got the job somewhere. Yes, he is amused by things. And he's also amused to a certain extent by the infighting between security chief and the water. But to a greater extent, really annoyed by the fact that they just can't get their stuff together. It's great actually when the boss arrives and they have just completely stuffed everything up. Everything's like in an absolute kind of disaster, the moment that he arrives and they're having to sort of explain that it's all under control and we're about to fix it any moment now, which is pretty great. Obviously, this is Terence shaping the show as he wants it to go forward. What do you think is kind of visible here in his writing that we're going to get to know about over the next few weeks? We've talked about some of the hallmarks of his writing. I think the morality, the clear morality and the doctor and the humour that he brings to the character of the doctor. I also think he is like that other great Terry, Terry Nation in that he has a very, very strong clarity of storytelling and it's because he's grounded in all those things that we've talked about and he likes a straightforward action thriller. And what he does is bring that aesthetic to the show. So everything that Terence writes is just a bounding story from start to finish, populated with great characters and with interesting dynamics between them. He just goes back to those concepts of storytelling and minds them there are very few stories that they don't make, that they commission as a script and then don't follow through. And that's because he has that nuts and bolts storytelling. And so he can work with the writer to get a workable story out of whatever concepts that they have. And I think you'll see in future in his work on the novelisations that economical and very precise storytelling where he can actually just put together a story in 110 pages and it's there on the page. But you'll also see it in the way that he can write to order with things like the 5 doctors. You just tell him we need this, this, this, and this, and he will turn out something that's perfectly serviceable. Which Bob Holmes couldn't do in that case. Correct. This story is that baptism of fire that I think he learns that in in a way. Like this is his testing ground. He has to do these 10 episodes in 20 days, as you said earlier Peter, and he proved that he could do it. And then he learned how to manage that going forward. Yes, the confidence to structure going on. Yes, and also never wanting to happen again. There's not a failure of script per se in the pertwee era. Like, yes, there's some lesser ones and the greater ones, but nothing of a total disaster that perhaps Eric Saywood's had later on. Or that we've had before. Or that we've had before. His major strength is that he can get to the nuts and bolts of that story. We can shape the cliffhangers and where are we going all the way through and help writers to focus, but also we've either got a clear monster or a villain and we've got, you know, a second dream sort of person who can be annoying or whatever, but we've also got those relationships with the doctor and his companions and whether it be the brigadier, Liz, Joe, whatever, and the humour that's thrown in there in those situations. And it's all in here. I think he doesn't see writing as art. I think he would call himself a jobbing writer. It's craft. It's not art. It's just getting a really great concept and here, let's not forget. They have the brilliant concept of different war zones, which means they can basically pad out the story as long as they need to just by going to new wars. And then knowing what to do with it just to fill the allotted time. That's not an artist at work. That's a craftsman. But I think there's something, you know, like art is nothing without craft, I think. And I think that this is a story that has something proper to say. Absolutely. and has something proper to do within the confines of the program that's actually going to impact the program going forward. And that's a really good point. It has something to say. And not every perjury story is going to have something to say, but a lot of them do. Yeah, yeah, yeah. absolutely. And whether it's be about pollution or minor strikes or whatever things that we saw on television as kids of being of our time, but we're actually like, in my head, like 5 or 6 years ahead of what was actually happening. is these elements of ethics and empathy that I don't think the program has properly mined before, which become staples of the show during the Pertwei era. And I think that's Terence. Barry gets the credit for a lot of kind of, you know, the ecological standpoints and bringing religion and ideas of religion to the program. And I think he does, but Terrence is the one who can make stories about them. Yes, he makes it happen. And he can see that they're essential to society. I took last season when we were looking at the Colin Baker era and I said that season 22 was the moment where I felt I was now seeing through the program. And I think what is happening there is that Terrence is so good at a Doctor Who that consists of captures and escapes of fooling people. He's so good at making a plot out of those where things happen and things have momentum and lead somewhere. You know here, this is the story of this emerging resistance that rises up and eventually infiltrates the base. It's going somewhere and all of the incidental action leads up to it. It's very easy to write the captures and escapes and fail to get them to do anything. And I think that perhaps that ability kind of drops off a bit after Terence and and then after him kind of homes leave the program. I think Terence, as a script writer, his long received wisdom reputation among fans as a writer is almost entirely built on the horror of Fang Rock. Yeah. and that is the acme of approach. But I would argue that it should actually be built on this. Yeah, okay. Yeah, yeah, yeah. The exit of the companions. That is really quite heartbreaking to me, and the fact that they're willing to go there as well. It's really moving, isn't it? It's really, really well done. And the fact that Jamie's had so much character work and will only remember that 1st adventure. I mean, yes, for Zoe as well, but particularly that, I was just shattered, like reading about it or knowing about it. And like, he's prepared to go there? Like that's a real consequence. It really lands for us. And I said this, I think, in Journey's end, because we're Doctor Who fans and we love Doctor Who and watching Doctor Who and remembering Doctor Who. The idea that you wouldn't remember all of those stories, you know that you had been in, that would be wiped out, that lands particularly for us. And just the resignation of the doctor. Like, you almost get the sense that there's that little escape. You know, there's that little moment where they escape. dragged into it by Jamie and Zoe. And he does it for them because he loves them. Exactly right. He knows there's no escaping. Oh one last little adventure. So sweet. That's exactly what I think is happening there. It's great. I was in tears watching the end of that episode because you've known these characters like Jamie, you've known for his entire run basically. And it's basically that's Jamie's entire adult life, in a way, up until this point, is being wiped away. But also, too, is Zoe going back to the wheel in space and they could have just had her wherever, but taking the time to do that right? That get back, Gemma, Gemma. It's little touches like that going forward that, you know, also Terrence influences, really. I mean, that's the sort of thing that you're doing in the Moffit era or in the new series, isn't it? You would remount something and bring someone back. You know, you'll bring Vincent Van Koch back for the finale for the season finale or something. I mean, that's what makes it a celebration of the year as well. Captain the ship in Curse of the Blacksport. Well, yeah, yeah, yeah. And we get the shots of all of the big rubber monsters of the era celebrating. The quarks, the terrifying quarks that we were trying to make happen. We could only go with season 6, some sort of contractual thing. But I mean, that was all good. Where were the croton? Yeah, where were the crotons? But all of that stuff was really great. It's like a proper celebration of the era. It really, really properly does do what a regeneration story will kind of go on to do. And the next one doesn't do. And what a modern finale does, which explains why new series fans are so partial to the ball games. It's also, I think, just, again, we can't sing Terence's praises enough. He doesn't get enough credit for these things. The cyclical nature of the storytelling. So not only do you have Jamie forgetting everything's happening going back and facing a red coat and attacking him, that mirrors what happens in episode 2 where the red coat comes into the cell. And Jamie, with everything that he's learned from the doctor approaches this redcoat with kindness and empathy to try to build a bridge with him. Same thing with the trial at the end where the doctor is just basically facing his own people who've made up their minds. Nothing he's going to say will influence that is just like the trial in the 1st episode. Yeah, yeah. You know, Terrence does not get enough credit for the cleverness of this stuff. I actually think something he says does land in the trial because I think they are convinced. You know, they say we're convinced that you still have a role to play in fighting evil and that's not something that we time lords do. And the doctor kind of gets. I mean, you know, like these people with godlike power on the doctor's one of them, but he's this little kind of scruffy person you know, sort of shambolic kind of scraped through with 51%. Yeah, yeah. that's been sort of cast out of this race of godlike entities. That's an amazing, an amazing insight into his character now, and I don't think it ruins it in any way. It's great. And also having like trout and swirling head, body thing like fake making me giddy. Yeah. But we don't have a definitive sort of here's the next person which is very unique in Classic Who. Yeah, because we had already been cast. Oh, is this 3 weeks before? They should have had him change into Jacqueline Hill. Well, that's all the time we have for this week. We'll be back next week. Skipping over Terence's tenure as Doctor Who's group editor to discuss his first solo writing credit on the show, Tom Baker's debut story, Robot. In the meantime, you can find us wherever you get your podcasts and you can keep up with us on our website, 500yearDiary.com, where you'll find our social media links, as well as links to all of our other podcasts, including our other Doctor Who podcasts, flight through entirety, and the 2nd great and bountiful Human Empire. Until next time, remember that you don't actually have to do what your manager tells you to do unless they've got their monocle on. Thank you very much for listening and good night. Ta-ta. See you soon. Good night. That was 500 Year Diary, starring Todd Bealby, Nathan Bottomley Peter Griffith, and James Selwood. The theme was composed by Cameron Lamb. This episode, Boys Own Cliffhangers, was recorded on the 2nd of November 2025 and released on the 23rd of November. The fact that World War I is the most recent war in the wargames lends more evidence to my theory that this story takes place on the 8th of December, 1926, which is also the date that the unicorn and the wasp is set, along with the savages, the web planet, and Galaxy 4. Ask Andrew Pixley if you don't believe me. What do you think? We one hour and seven minutes in, I think. I'd like to talk about James Brie, quite frankly. I would say, hang on. Well, just before we talk about it, James B. one more thing. Okay. Also, let's not forget. Terence is incredibly bloodthirsty. And this story is incredibly bloodthirsty. Not only would sort of the enormous numbers of deaths that happen off screen, but the enormous numbers of deaths on screen. People are gunned down continuously. That's very Terence. So this is where you like it, Todd. Of course. But there's, you know, people survive as well. It's not everybody's killed, but we need to talk about James Bray. I think we do too. What glowing terms. What a stupid fool, you are. I think he's superb. I think canonically he is somehow he's the same person as the keeper of the Matrix. I haven't quite worked out. he's also the same person as you. You've had all conversation between us recorded. I mean, it's such a great performance. So you've got these 3 very, very different performances. among those, the 3 lead villains. And, and, like, James Brady, I don't think is failing. Like I don't think he's nothing. He's, you know, he's, I think he's setting out to do that. And he's introducing the weird over-annunciation thing that Edward Brayshaw then picks up on and delivers some of as the war chief. And like, this is a planet of people wearing glasses. isn't it? Like the planet of evil people wearing glasses, like me. He's obviously training, like, like, um, um, Smythe, Fon Worth or whatever his name is. Yeah, and a lesser story, Smythe would be the amazing head villain piece. He's got 3 brilliant villains above it. It's interesting that you've got those minor villains within the walls from white, and then you go up a notch. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Amazing. I have to say the 1st time I ever encountered the only time I've ever encountered James Bre was at a convention in Southampton in 1995 and I walked into the room and the hall was filled with children. And James Bre was up on the stage. I walked in, all these adoring children on the calculator just to hear him say, size queen. I thought you would have walked in and he would have said, what a stupid fool you are. But no, oh, James Bree. I mean, he's just he's fundamentally classic Doctor Who for me because not only do you have him being amazing in this story, but you also have him in full circle. I have seen the system files. He's wonderful. Also have him. And of course. Trial of a timelord. The matrix. Matrix. It's great. But under the hands of a lesser director. That part could have gotten an actor. The part could have just gotten totally out of control. No, I mean, it's so memorable. It's so terrific. It's such a great counterpoint against the like the warlord when he eventually turns up, but even the war chief, who is much more chill, a little bit more naturalistic, not playing it quite so big and who therefore thinks that the security chief is an idiot, and he's kind of right. Look, it just works. And it's like this story. Everything. just works The whole universe of the story works. And I think James Bre is like Peter Miles in that they know exactly how to pinch a Doctor Who performs. They get it exactly right. You would not call it naturalistic. Oh, by any... But they know exactly where to pitch it, to make it this beautiful piece of work. wonderful.
